Canadians have re-elected a Liberal minority government CBC News projects

Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau will win enough seats in this 44th general election to form another minority government, the CBC News decision desk has projected.

In the end, the final seat tally may not look very different from the composition of the House of Commons when it was dissolved in early August â€" prompting even more questions about why an election was called during a fourth wave of the pandemic in the first place.

It's a reversal of fortunes for Trudeau. He launched this campaign with a sizeable lead in the polls â€" only to see his support crater days later as many voters expressed anger with his decision to call an election during this health crisis. Two middling debate performances by Trudeau and renewed questions about past scandals also put a Liberal victory in question.

But in the end, voters decided the Liberal team should continue to govern a country that, while battered and bruised by a health crisis, has also fared well on key pandemic metrics like death rates and vaccine coverage.

Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau watches early election results with wife Sophie Grégoire Trudeau and children, Xavier, Ella-Grace and Hadrien, at Liberal headquarters in Montreal on Monday. (Sean Kilpatrick/The Canadian Press)

Trudeau called this election on Aug. 15, saying he wanted Canadians to weigh in on who should finish the fight against the pandemic and lead the country into a post-pandemic recovery. He promised a plan for child care, more aggressive climate action and a fix for Canada's housing shortage.

In his victory speech in Montreal in the early hours of Tuesday morning, Trudeau said the result suggests Canadians are "sending us back to work with a clear mandate to get Canada through this pandemic and to brighter days ahead.

"The moment we face demands real, important change, and you have given this Parliament and this government clear direction."

After a divisive campaign that saw a great deal of partisan sniping, Trudeau struck a more conciliatory tone on election night when he spoke directly to opposition leaders and those who didn't vote for a Liberal candidate.

"I hear you when you say you just want to get back to the things you love and not worry about this pandemic or about an election," he said. "Your members of Parliament of all stripes will have your back in this crisis and beyond. Canadians are able to get around any obstacle and that is exactly what we will continue to do."

O'Toole's moderate conservatism falls short at the polls

Conservative Leader Erin O'Toole has missed his chance to unseat a prime minister who has faced his fair share of challenges during six years in office. O'Toole ran on a plan to boost health care spending, shrink the deficit over 10 years and tighten ethics rules for politicians â€" a more moderate take on conservatism that ultimately fell short.

With the counting still underway, it's hard to say just how many seats O'Toole's party will win. Based on preliminary results as of 12:50 ET, the Conservatives were leading or elected in 121 ridings â€" the same number the party won under former Conservative leader Andrew Scheer.

Speaking to supporters in Oshawa, Ont., O'Toole said he had no plans to resign even though his party saw little if any growth in its vote share and seat count. He vowed to stay at the helm to take another swing at defeating Trudeau in the next election, which could come as soon as 2023.

"My family and I are resolute in continuing this journey for Canada," O'Toole said. "If Justin Trudeau thinks he can threaten Canadians with another election in 18 months, the Conservative Party will be ready. Whenever that day comes, I will be ready to lead Canada's Conservatives.

"We worked hard, we made progress, but the job is not done yet."

Conservative Leader Erin O’Toole addresses supporters at an election night event at the Tribute Communities Centre, in Oshawa, Ont., in the early hours of Sept. 21, 2021. (Evan Mitsui/CBC)

O'Toole reaffirmed his commitment to take the party to the centre of the political spectrum even as it faces challenges on its right flank from the People's Party of Canada (PPC).

"We must continue this journey of welcoming more Canadians to take another look at this party," he said.

With Trudeau and the Liberals committed to progressive policies such as child care and new housing supports, NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh ran even further to the left, promising a dramatic expansion of the federal government through $200 billion in new spending commitments for promises such as national pharmacare.

Singh vows to continue fight to make 'super wealthy' pay fair share

But Singh has been criticized for putting out a platform with few details on how any of this transformative change would be implemented.

NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh and his wife, Gurkiran Kaur Sidhu, arrive on stage at NDP election night headquarters in Vancouver. (Jonathan Hayward/The Canadian Press)

When all the ballots are counted, it could prove to be a disappointing night for Singh, with the NDP poised to pick up only a handful more seats than it won after the last vote. Singh may have more clout in Parliament to look forward to, however â€" a minority Liberal government will have to depend on at least one opposition party to help it pass its legislation.

Like O'Toole, Singh signalled he has no intention of stepping down as leader despite an underwhelming performance.

"Friends, I want you to know that our fight will continue. I also want you to know that we are going to keep on fighting to make sure that the super wealthy pay their fair share," Singh said in his concession speech, referring to his signature election promise to make the "ultra rich" pay much more in taxes to help cover the cost of new social programs.

"To all of your struggling, we see you, we hear you," Singh said.

Greens' Paul loses but May poised for re-election

Images from the 2021 federal election:

The Green vote collapsed and the party's leader, Annamie Paul, is expected to finish a disappointing fourth in her Toronto Centre riding.

But in the southwestern Ontario riding of Kitchener Centre, where the Liberal candidate dropped out amid allegations of harassment, Green candidate Mike Morrice is leading. The party's former leader, Elizabeth May, is also set to be re-elected in her B.C. riding of Saanichâ€"Gulf Islands.

Speaking to reporters in Toronto, Paul said she was disappointed to finish so poorly.

"It is hard to lose. No one likes to lose but I'm so proud of the effort," she said.

WATCH: 'No one likes to lose,' Green Party Leader Annamie Paul says

‘No one likes to lose, but I’m so proud of the effort, the creativity, the innovation that our team brought to this race': Paul2 hours agoGreen Party Leader Annamie Paul speaks after 2021 election results in her losing race for Toronto Centre riding. 1:12

With more than 7.5 million votes counted so far, the Liberals have 32 per cent of the ballots cast, the Conservatives have about 34 per cent and the NDP has nearly 17 per cent of the vote share. The Green Party has captured 2.2 per cent of the ballots cast so far, while the PPC has more than 5.2 per cent of all votes.

The Liberals owe their re-election to strong performances in the country's two most populous provinces, Ontario and Quebec.

Toronto and its surrounding suburbs â€" colloquially known as "the 905" after its area code â€" proved to be a resilient Liberal fortress; the Conservatives have failed to make any significant gains among GTA voters. Only one of the area's seats, Thornhill, is on track to return a Conservative MP.

Bloc looks headed for loss of 3 seats in Quebec

In Quebec, where the separatist the Bloc Québécois is poised to lose three of the 32 seats it held in the last Parliament, the Liberal brand is also doing well â€" although the Liberals were hoping for more gains there to vault it into majority government territory.

Bloc Québécois Leader Yves-Francois Blanchet during a news conference Sept. 18, with candidate Louis Sansfacon in Quebec City. (Jacques Boissinot/The Canadian Press)

Trudeau easily cruised to victory in his own riding of Papineau. Other cabinet ministers, including François-Philippe Champagne in Quebec's Saint-Maurice-Champlain and Mona Fortier in Ontario's Ottawa-Vanier, have also been re-elected, according to the CBC News decision desk.

But at least one Liberal cabinet minister from Ontario, Maryam Monsef, went down to defeat. Monsef was easily bested by Conservative candidate Michelle Ferreri in the eastern Ontario riding of Peterborough-Kawartha â€" a seat that, until tonight, had a 40-year record as an election bellwether.

While voters have returned a Liberal government to Ottawa, results from the region's 32 seats suggest O'Toole's more centrist brand of conservatism resonated in Atlantic Canada.

Newfoundland and Labrador and the Maritimes have been a Liberal stronghold for the last two election cycles â€" the party swept every seat there in 2015 and dropped only five in 2019.

People line up outside a polling station in La Prairie, Que. (Jean-Claude Taliana/CBC/Radio-Canada)

O'Toole, who has appointed a number of Maritimers to senior roles in the party, performed better than his recent predecessors in this region.

Former prime minister Stephen Harper was shut out of Atlantic Canada in 2015 while Scheer picked up only four seats in the 2019 contest.

Liberal cabinet minister Bernadette Jordan loses her N.S. seat

Conservative candidates have been declared elected in seven of the region's ridings. Conservative Rick Perkins has unseated Liberal incumbent Bernadette Jordan in the Nova Scotia riding of South Shore-St Margarets. Jordan served as fisheries minister in Trudeau's cabinet.

Voters line up at the Halifax Convention Centre as they prepare to vote in the federal election on Monday. (Andrew Vaughan/The Canadian Press)

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